How to make a removable ‘projecting’ sign for your structure

A model newspaper structure

“Projecting” signs have been part of the commercial landscape for years. In the early years of the 20th century, they often consisted of boards jutting out from the front of buildings with the business name on both sides. They’re also referred to as “blade” or “flag-mounted” signs. I wanted to model projecting signs in my […]

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A portal for a tree-stump tunnel

Tunnel through tree with locomotive on track

Why build a garden railroad tunnel portal Thanks to the invasion of the Emerald Ash Borer, several large ash trees had died and their falling limbs caused problems for the Blackstone RR Maintenance Dept., so I called in a professional. When the worker saw my trains, he offered to leave a 10-foot high, 40” diameter […]

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The story of smoke: trial and error at Lionel

Cover of 1947 Lionel consumer catalog

The year 1946, when both the A.C. Gilbert Co. and the Lionel Corp. brought out their first full lines of electric trains for the postwar era, saw both heralding new locomotives equipped with a mechanism capable of producing smoke. Another milestone in the quest to market more realistic miniatures had been achieved. Truth be told, […]

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The story behind developing smoke for toy-train locomotives

Front of an O gauge model steam locomotive on layout in night operation with smoke coming out of the stack next to interlocking tower.

The evolution of miniature locomotives has been long and steady for more than a century. The beginning, of course, involved using electricity to enable them to move without being touched. Next came the introduction of functioning lights to models of steam and electric engines as well as to trolley and motorized units. Everything that had […]

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How to finish 3D-printed parts made from ABS plastic

An ABS plastic window supported by two metal flower frogs

One of the issues that comes up in almost every 3D print is the finished product. Like most plastic models, there can be plastic strings, places that did not get enough material, holes, sharp edges, and the like. I am constantly reading about different techniques of finishing 3D parts. Some of them work quite well, […]

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