How do I know if my locomotive is DC or DCC?

A model locomotive without its outer shell, with components pointed out

Q: I’ve been given several HO scale locomotives that unfortunately came without boxes or information about whether they were DCC equipped or not. Most are very nice, higher end models, not entry-level. Is there any way to safely find out if each locomotive is DC or DCC without taking off the shells? Even if I do remove […]

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What shade of green were Lackawanna M.U. cars?

A six-car Erie Lackawanna electrified passenger train rolls under wire

Q: I’m planning to model the Hoboken, N.J., and Brick Church, N.J., stations on the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western, the railroad I rode as a child and as an adult. I rode in the Lackawanna M.U. cars, but I can’t find them anywhere. I’m thinking I’ll buy the MuMP54 cars from Con-Cor and airbrush them […]

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How do I model a coal-gas plant?

A vintage black-and-white photo of a small industrial brick building with a smokestack, a coal pile outside, and a gas tank in the background

Q: I have a Walthers gas plant kit (item 933-3104) and gas storage tank kit (item 933-2907). I want to use these to model a coal-gas plant. Do you have any drawings or pictures of such a plant that I can model using these kits? – Thomas Lauritsen A: To help you model a coal-gas […]

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Modeling transition era railcar brakes

The underside of an HO scale caboose model with brake equipment labeled

Q: I am researching transition era railcar brakes. Were there books written on the subject, and are they still available for purchase? – Ron Buddemeier A: The most complete and detailed reference for transition era railcar brakes is the one used by the railroads themselves – the Car Builder’s Cyclopedia of American Practice. This weighty […]

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How do I add DCC passenger car interior lighting?

An HO scale passenger car is seen with its roof removed next to a passenger car interior lighting kit

Q: I have some HO scale passenger cars that I would like to install LED lights into. I’m new to model railroading. I understand that I need decoders in each car, but after that, I’m lost. – Alex Laserson A: If you want to install passenger car interior lighting, you don’t absolutely have to use […]

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How do I get back into model railroading?

A track plan for a compact HO scale around-the-walls layout

Q: I would value your feedback on how to approach creating a new HO scale layout. I’m approaching retirement, so I will have the time to get back into model railroading, which I’ve not pursued in more than 40 years. So much has changed that it’s overwhelming. I have a lot of track and rolling stock […]

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Fixing N scale coupler problems

A hand uses a red plastic pick to uncouple two N scale freight cars

Q: I’ve tried many methods to uncouple my rolling stock automatically rather than use a manual tool. Permanent magnets were far from satisfactory even when I devised a way to raise them at the appropriate time to a position closer to the couplers. I’ve modified an HOn3 electromagnet to fit between the rails, and this […]

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Is extruded-foam insulation board benchwork tricky?

A hand reaches in to move a piece of pink foam board from an N scale layout under construction

Q: What are the drawbacks of extruded-foam insulation board benchwork? Much has changed with model railroading since my childhood. As a retiree, I’m re-entering the hobby with a modest HO scale layout in a 10 x 15-foot room in my garage. I’ve consulted several articles, books, and videos on benchwork, but I’m still uneasy about […]

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Cleaning an airbrush while weathering can be a chore

An airbrush sprays a faint mist of paint across a green model freight car

Q: I would like some advice on cleaning an airbrush while weathering. I use an older Paasche airbrush to weather my N scale rolling stock. Since N scale models take very little paint, the painting process usually only takes a few seconds to a minute per color. But cleaning the tip, the air point, and […]

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Choosing how high to place a layout backdrop

A model train rolls through a desert landscape in front of a mountain with a winding road

Q: Can you help me decide how high to place a layout backdrop? I am a long time modeler and have used backdrops on a prior double-deck HO layout. I’m now faced with planning backdrops for a single-deck N scale layout with rolling hills. How do I handle a scene that drops on a 2% […]

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Switching a model railroad

A diagram shows a locomotive performing facing-point switching, trailing-point switching, and a runaround maneuver

Q: I’m planning my first layout and I need to learn about train movements and switching a model railroad. Specifically, how are cars spotted on facing-point turnouts versus trailing ones? How do I plan for trains running in both directions? – Jesse Brinson A: For those who are new to switching a model railroad, let’s […]

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How do I replace snap-on trucks?

The underside of two passenger cars with rebuilt truck bolsters in white styrene

Q: I was recently given some older HO scale hopper cars that apparently had snap-on trucks. What method do you recommend to fill in the hole so I can replace snap-on trucks with the screw-on type? I gather I would use 2-56 screws? – Artie Krass A: What you use to fill in those holes […]

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